They're doing it because it is mandated by law. I'm not sure to what extent though. From my understanding, the person from whatever underrepresented group (it's not just race, but also gender and sometimes sexual orientation) still has to qualify, or at least meet the minimum qualification requirements for that position. So I'm not sure that necessarily means "companies/universities regularly chose a less qualified candidate just because of their race." I read somewhere that white women (next to Asians) are actually the biggest beneficiaries of affirmative action. It's not necessarily always about race, and the underrepresented still has to be qualified.
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